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historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)-及38嫗


梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




well chosen as a specimen of Buchanan's style�察�without seeing that we are 

face to face with a genius of a very lofty order�此�not�察�indeed�察�of the loftiest 

for    there   is  always    in  Buchanan's      work�察   �it  seems    to  me�察  �a  want    of 

unconsciousness�察�and a want of tendernessbut still a genius worthy to be 

placed     beside    those   ancient    writers   from    whom     he   took   his   manner。 

Whether       or  not   we   agree    with   his  contemporaries�察      �who     say  that   he 

equalled Virgil in Latin poetry�察�we may place him fairly as a prose writer 

by the side of Demosthenes�察�Cicero�察�or Tacitus。                 And so I pass from this 

painful subject�察�only quotingif I may be permitted to quoteMr。 Burton's 

wise   and   gentle   verdict   on   the   whole。    ;Buchanan�察─  �he   says�察   �though   a 

zealous Protestant�察�had a good deal of the Catholic and sceptical spirit of 

Erasmus�察�and an admiring eye for everything that was great and beautiful。 

Like the rest of his countrymen�察�he bowed himself in presence of the lustre 

that   surrounded      the  early   career   of   his  mistress。    More     than   once    he 

expressed his pride and reverence in the inspiration of a genius deemed by 

his contemporaries to be worthy of the theme。                  There is not�察�perhaps�察�to 

be   found   elsewhere   in   literature   so   solemn   a   memorial   of   shipwrecked 

hopes�察�of a sunny opening and a stormy end�察�as one finds in turning the 

leaves     of  the  volume     which     contains    the  beautiful    epigram     ;Nympha 

Caledoniae;   in   one   part�察  �the   ;Detectio   Mariae   Reginae;   in   another�察  �and 

this contrast is�察�no doubt�察�a faithful parallel of the reaction in the popular 

mind。      This reaction seems to have been general�察�and not limited to the 

Protestant party�察�for the conditions under which it became almost a part of 

the   creed   of   the   Church   of   Rome   to   believe   in   her   innocence   had   not 

arisen。; 

     If Buchanan�察�as some of his detractors have thought�察�raised himself by 

subserviency   to   the   intrigues   of   the   Regent   Murray�察  �the   best   heads   in 

Scotland      seem    to  have    been   of   a  different   opinion。     The     murder    of 



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Murray did not involve Buchanan's fall。               He had avenged it�察�as far as pen 

could do it�察�by that ;Admonition Direct to the Trew Lordis�察─�in which he 

showed   himself   as   great   a   master   of   Scottish�察  �as   he   was   of   Latin   prose。 

His   satire   of   the   ;Chameleon�察─  �though   its   publication   was   stopped   by 

Maitland�察  �must   have   been   read   in   manuscript   by   many   of   those   same 

;True Lords�察─�and though there were nobler instincts in Maitland than any 

Buchanan   gave   him   credit   for�察  �the   satire   breathed   an   honest   indignation 

against that wily turncoat's misgoings�察�which could not but remend the 

author to all honest men。           Therefore it was�察�I presume�察�and not because 

he   was   a   rogue�察  �and   a   hired   literary  spadassin�察  �that   to   the   best   heads   in 

Scotland   he   seemed   so   useful�察  �it   may   be   so   worthy�察  �a   man�察  �that   he   be 

provided with continually increasing employment。                    As tutor to James I。�察�

as director�察�for a short time�察�of the chancery�察�as keeper of the privy seal�察�

and privy councillor�察�as one of the missioners for codifying the laws�察�

and againfor in the semi´anarchic state of Scotland�察�government had to 

do     everything      in   the   way     of   organisationin       the    mittee      for 

promulgating a standard   Latin grammar�察  �in   the mittee   for   reforming 

the   University   of   St。   Andrew's�此       �in   all   these   Buchanan's   talents   were 

again   and   again   called   for�察  �and   always   ready。     The   value   of   his   work�察�

especially that for the reform of St。 Andrew's�察�must be judged by Scotsmen�察�

rather    than   by   an   Englishman�察      �but   all  that  one   knows     of   it  justifies 

Melville's sentence in the well´known passage in his memoirs�察�wherein he 

describes the tutors and household of the young king。 ;Mr。 George was a 

Stoic philosopher�察�who looked not far before him�察─�in plain words�察�a high´ 

minded and right´minded man�察�bent on doing the duty which lay nearest 

him。     The worst that can be said against him during these times is�察�that 

his name appears with the sum of 100 pounds against it�察�as one of those 

;who were to be entertained in Scotland by pensions out of England�察─�and 

Ruddiman�察�of course�察�ments on the fact by saying that Buchanan ;was 

at length to act under the threefold character of malcontent�察�reformer�察�and 

pensioner�此─�but it gives no proof whatsoever that Buchanan ever received 

any such bribe�察�and in the very month�察�seemingly�察�in which that list was 



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written10th March�察�1579Buchanan had given a proof to the world that 

he    was    not   likely   to  be   bribed     or  bought�察    �by   publishing      a  book�察   �as 

offensive  probably  to   Queen   Elizabeth   as it   was   to   his own   royal   pupil�察�

namely�察     �his   famous      ;De    Jure   Regni     apud     Scotos�察─   �the    very   primer�察�

according to many great thinkers�察�of constitutional liberty。                      He dedicates 

that    book    to   King    James�察     �not    only   as   his   monitor�察    �but   also   as   an 

importunate and bold exactor�察�which in these his tender and flexible years 

may      conduct      him    in   safety    past    the   rocks     of   flattery。;     He     has 

plimented James already on his abhorrence of flattery�察 �his inclination 

far   above   his   years   for   undertaking   all   heroical   and   noble   attempts�察  �his 

promptitude   in   obeying   his   instructors   and   governors�察  �and   all   who   give 

him     sound    admonition�察      �and    his  judgment      and    diligence     in  examining 

affairs�察�so that no man's authority can have much weight with him unless it 

be   confirmed   by   probable   reasons。;           Buchanan   may   have   thought   that 

nine years of his stern rule had eradicated some of James's ill conditions�察�

the petulance which made him kill the Master of Mar's sparrow�察�in trying 

to wrest it out of his hand�察�the carelessness with whichif the story told by 

Chytraeus�察�on the authority of Buchanan's nephew�察�be trueJames signed 

away   his   crown   to   Buchanan   for   fifteen   days�察  �and   only   discovered   his 

mistake   by   seeing   Bachanan   act   in   open   court   the   character   of   King   of 

Scots。 Buchanan had at last made him a scholar�察�he may have fancied that 

he had made him likewise a manful man�此                    �yet he may have dreaded that�察�

as James grew up�察�the old inclinations would return in stronger and uglier 

shapes�察�and that flattery might be�察�as it was after all�察�the cause of James's 

moral   ruin。      He    at   least   will  be   no   flatterer。   He   opens   the     dialogue 

which   he   sends   to   the   king�察  �with   a   calm   but   distinct   assertion   of   his 

mother's   guilt�察  �and   a   justification   of   the   conduct   of   men   who   were   now 

most of   them  past helping   Buchanan�察 �for they  were  laid   in   their  graves�察�

and   then   goes   on   to   argue   fairly�察  �but   to   lay   down   firmly�察  �in   a   sort   of 

Socratic dialogue�察�those very principles by loyalty to which the House of 

Hanover   has   reigned�察  �and   will   reign�察  �over   these   realms。           So   with   his 

History of Scotland�察�later antiquarian researches have destroyed the value 



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