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           Now it is a text file that you can edit; but you should not make any changes to this file because it is  

           maintained by the IDE。 Contained within the  Form1。Designer。vb file are the details of how to  

           construct Form1; as is shown in Figure 1…2。 At this point; Form1 does not contain anything note

           worthy; and neither does the text file。 However; if you were to add a button or text box to the  

           form; those details would be added to the text file  Form1。Designer。vb。  

                Visual Basic is a plete programming language that still adheres to the RAD model。 For  

           example; the following code creates a user…defined type (which you’ll learn about throughout  

           the rest of the book)。 



           Public Class Example 

               Public Sub Empty() 

               End Sub 

           End Class 



                The main elements to note are as follows: 



                 Class: An organizational unit that groups related code together。 This grouping is much more  

                specific than a solution or a project。 To use the car analogy again; if a project is a car engine;  

                then a class can be the carburetor。 In other words; projects are made up of multiple classes。 



                Sub: A set of instructions that carry out a task。 Also called a method; a sub is analogous to a  

                function in many other languages。 The  Empty() method can be called by another piece of  

                code to carry out some type of action。 



           Saving the Project 



           After you’ve renamed the solution; it’s good practice to save your changes。 To save the project;  

           follow these steps: 


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      1。 Highlight the project name in the Solution Explorer。 



      2。 Select File  Save WindowsApplication。 



      3。 Notice that Visual Basic Express wants to save the solution using the WindowsApplication  

         name; which isn’t ideal。 (We’re using three projects in this solution; of which one is a  

         Windows Forms application。) To save the solution with a new name; you need to change  

         the WindowsApplication solution name to ThreeExamples (make sure you leave the  

         WindowsApplication project name as it is)。 Note the path of where Visual Basic Express  

         saves your projects; as you will need to know it from time to time。 



     4。  Click the Save button。 



     When the solution and project are successfully saved; you’ll see the message “Item(s) Saved”  

in the status bar in the lower…left corner of the window。 

      In the future; whenever you want to save the solution and project; you can use the keyboard  

shortcut: Ctrl+S。 



■Note  If you have not saved your changes and choose to exit Visual Basic Express; you will be asked if you  

want to save or discard the solution and project。 



      To open a solution you have previously saved; you can choose File  Open Project at any  

time and navigate to the solution file。 You can also select the solution from the Recent Projects  

window when you first start Visual Basic Express。 The Recent Projects window is always avail

able on the Start Page tab of the main Visual Basic Express window as well (and the File menu  

contains a list; too)。 



Running the Windows Application 



The source code generated by Visual Basic Express is a basic application that contains an empty  

window with no functionality。 The source code gives you a starting point where you can add  

more source code; debug the source code; and run the application。  

      To run the application; select Debug  Start Debugging。 Alternatively; use the keyboard  

shortcut F5。 You’ll see a window representing the WindowsApplication application。 You can exit  

the application by clicking the window’s close button。 Figure 1…4 illustrates the process。  

(Debugging is covered in Chapter 5。) 

      Running the application enables you to see what it does。 When you run an application  

though the IDE; it is identical to a user clicking to start the application from the desktop。 In this  

example; WindowsApplication displays an empty window without any controls or functionality。  

The source code’s functionality is to display an empty window when started and provide a button  

to end the application (and buttons to maximize and minimize the window)。 Close the appli

cation now。 


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8          CH AP T E R   1   ■    R E A DY ;   ST E A DY ;   G O ! 



           Figure 1…4。 Running an application 



                You have not written a single line of code; yet you have created an application and some

           thing actually happened; and all because Visual Basic Express generates some boilerplate Visual  

           Basic code that works straight out of the box。 

                You have created an application; seen its source code; and run it。 You did all of this in the  

           context of a fortable; do…it…all…for…you development environment called Visual Basic Express。  

           Visual Basic Express is both a good thing and a bad thing。 Visual Basic Express is good because  

           it hides the messy details; but it is bad because the messy details are hidden。 Imagine being a  

           car mechanic。 It is good that car manufacturers produce dashboards that have little lights that  

           go on when something is wrong。 But it would be bad if the mechanic had to rely on the little  

           lights to fix problems in a car。 



           Making the Windows Application Say Hello 



           The Windows application does nothing other than appear with a blank window that you can  

           close。 To make the application do something; you need to add user interface elements or add  

           some code。 Adding code without adding user interface elements will make the program do  

           something; but it’s not as exciting。 So; we’ll add a button that; when clicked; will display “hello;  

           world” in a text box。 

                 First; you need to add the Button control to the form。 Double…click Form1。vb in the Solution  

           Explorer to display a blank form。 Then click the Toolbox tab to access the controls and open the  

           mon Controls tab (click the pin icon on the Toolbox to leave the Toolbox tab open if you  


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                                                                              C H AP TE R   1   ■    R E AD Y ;   ST E AD Y ;   G O! 9 



like)。 Click Button; and then click the form to place the button on the form。 These steps are  

illustrated in Figure 1…5。 



Figure 1…5。 Adding a button to the form 



      Next; add a TextBox control using the same basic procedure。 Finally; align the button and  

text box as shown in Figure 1…6。 To move a control; use the handles that appear when you high

light the control。 Visual Basic Express will align the edge of a control to nearby edges as you  

drag it; so that you can align controls accurately。 



Figure 1…6。 Aligned button and text box 


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10        CH AP T E R   1   ■    R E A DY ;   ST E A DY ;   G O ! 



                If you now executed WindowsApplication by pressing Ctrl+F5 (Ctrl+F5 starts the applica

           tion without debugging); you would see a window with a button and a text box。 You can click  

           the button and add or delete text from the text box。 But whatever you do has no effect; because  

           neither control has been associated with any code。 

                To make the application do something; you need to think in terms of events。 For 

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